Additional Metric Notes

Rationale: This metric is frequently used, scalable, and linked to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in receiving water bodies. Reporting total N and P as part of the calculations is important to prevent changes in efficiency from masking increases in overall inputs. Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) and Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) can be used to indicate nutrient loss at the edge of the field or nutrient surplus (1 – NUE or PUE). Note that N and P fertilizers are included in the SBTN High Impact Commodity List (HICL). Key resources: 4R nutrient management; FAO cropland nutrient balance Additional/complementary metrics: Application rate & removal rate Landscape deep dives: Upper Midwest, USA - corn (+ soy rotation) - Key indicator for this biome where water pollution from excess nutrients is high Key resources: EPA National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES): https://www.epa.gov/npdes; USDA Agricultural Chemical Use Program: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/; Friesland, NL - dairy (incl roughage growing) - Key indicator for this biome where water pollution from excess nutrients is high Landscape-specific metrics: for livestock, applicable for grazing and industrial systems; may be more appropriate to use nutrient surplus (1-NUE) or soil nitrogen balance (kg N/ha) Key resources: Biodiversity Monitor for the Dairy Farming Sector (Certification and Management Packages): https://biodiversiteitsmonitormelkveehouderij.nl/certificatie Kringloopwijzer (dashboard of farm-level indicators): mijnkringloopwijzer.nl A Net Positive Impact on Nature for the Dutch Dairy sector: methodology Directives: For Nitrogen surplus, recommended values are: If based on human health standards of the Nitrates Directive: <105,000 tonnes of N soil surplus. If based on ecological standards of the Water Framework Directive: <8,700- 35,000 tonnes of N soil surplus (depending on soil type breakdown). For Ammonia emissions, the sector level recommended safeguard value is of <44,000 tonnes of NH3 (Based on the National Emissions Ceiling Directive (NECD) & Netherlands PAS Agreement (‘programmatic approach to Nitrogen’).