Frameworks
The metrics featured in the Nature Action Portal are drawn exclusively from established frameworks and reviewed for alignment across the same set of frameworks. This page provides an overview of the frameworks included in these assessments, organized by sector and topic. The lists reflect the status of frameworks at the time the assessments were conducted. For more details about the approach, refer to the Methodology page.
Agri-food
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project | CDP Forests 2023 Questionnaire | Our Question Bank – CDP |
| 2 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS 1, ESRS 2, ESRS E1-E5 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 3 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 4 | GHG-P LSRG – GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Guidance | GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Guidance | Land Sector and Removals Guidance | GHG Protocol |
| 5 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 6 | IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards | IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information & IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures | IFRS – IFRS Sustainability Standards Navigator |
| 7 | SBTi FLAG – Science Based Targets initiative – Forest, Land and Agriculture | Forest, land and agriculture Science Based Target-setting guidance | SBTi FLAG Guidance |
| 8 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN Land | Land targets – Science Based Targets Network |
| 9 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Food and agriculture | TNFD TNFD Recommendations |
| 10 | UN – CCD – United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification | The UNCCD 2018–2030 Strategic Framework | The UNCCD 2018–2030 Strategic Framework | UNCCD |
| 11 | UN – FCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | UN Framework Convention on Climate Change | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | UNFCCC |
| 12 | UNEP – LUFIH – United Nations Environment Programme – Land Use Finance Impact Hub | UNEP Land Use Finance Impact Hub | KPI List – Land Use Impact Hub |
| 13 | WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable Development | WBCSD Regenerative Agriculture metrics | A Global Framework for Regenerative Agriculture | WBCSD |
Built Environment
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E1-E4 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 2 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 3 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 4 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Real Estate & SASB: Engineering and Construction Services & SASB: Home Builders & SASB: Construction Materials | SASB | Navigator |
| 5 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Engineering, construction and real estate & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Construction materials | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Engineering, construction and real estate – TNFD |
| 6 | WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable Development | WBCSD Circular Transition Indicators | Circular Transition Indicators (CTI) for Buildings – Sector Guidance | WBCSD |
Energy
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E1-E4 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 2 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 3 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 4 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Oil & Gas – Exploration and Production & SASB: Oil & Gas – Midstream & SASB: Oil & Gas – Services & SASB: Construction Materials & SASB: Electric Utilities & Power Generators & SASB: Biofuels & SASB: Wind Technology & Project Developers | SASB | Navigator |
| 5 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Electric utilities and power generators & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Oil and gas | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Electric utilities and power generators – TNFD |
| 6 | WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable Development | WBCSD Circular Transition Indicators | Circular Transition Indicators (CTI) for Buildings – Sector Guidance | WBCSD |
Forest: Raw Materials
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AFi – Accountability Framework initiative | The Accountability Framework Core Principles | Home – Accountability Framework |
| 2 | CCFM SFMI – Canadian Council of Forest Ministers | The CCFM framework of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada | The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers’ framework of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada |
| 3 | CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project | CDP Forests | Our Question Bank – CDP |
| 4 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E4 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 5 | EUDR – European Union Deforestation Regulation | EU Deforestation Regulation | Regulation on Deforestation-free products – European Commission |
| 6 | Forest Europe SFMI – Forest Europe Sustainable Forest Management Initiative | Sustainable Forest Management Criteria & Indicators | Sustainable Forest Management – FOREST EUROPE |
| 7 | FSC – Forest Stewardship Council | FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship Standard | Forest Stewardship Council Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship Standard |
| 8 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 9 | ITTO Africa SFMI – The International Tropical Timber Organization – Africa Sustainable Forest Management Initiative | ITTO Criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of tropical forests | Criteria and indicators | ITTO | The International Tropical Timber Organization |
| 10 | PEFC – Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification | PEFC Sustainable Forest Management – Requirements | PEFC Sustainable Forest Management – Requirements |
| 11 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Forestry Management & SASB: Pulp & Paper Products | SASB | Navigator |
| 12 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN Land | Set targets – Science Based Targets Network |
| 13 | SFI – Sustainable Forestry Initiative | SFI Forest Management Standard | Sustainable Forestry Initiative: Forest Management Standard |
| 14 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Forestry, pulp and paper | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Forestry, pulp and paper – TNFD |
Forest: Manufacturing
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project | CDP Water & Biodiversity | Our Question Bank – CDP |
| 2 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E2-E5 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 3 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 & GRI 300 series: Environmental topics (Water and Waste) | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 4 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Pulp & Paper Products & SASB: Building Products & Furnishings | SASB | Navigator |
| 5 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN Freshwater | Set targets – Science Based Targets Network |
| 6 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Forestry, pulp and paper | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Forestry, pulp and paper – TNFD |
Pharmaceutical
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AMR Industry Alliance – Antimicrobial Resistance Industry alliance | AMR Industry Alliance various methodological documents | Home – AMR Industry Alliance
The 2023 AMR Industry Alliance Progress Survey: Antimicrobial Resistance The 2023 AMR Industry Alliance Progress Survey: Manufacturing and the environment The AMR Industry Alliance Framework AMR’s Common Antibiotic Manufacturing Framework AMR Alliance Science-Based PNEC Targets for Risk Assessments |
| 2 | CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project | CDP Climate Change, CDP Forests, CDP Water Security, CDP Plastics & CDP Biodiversity | Our Question Bank – CDP |
| 3 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E1-E5 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 4 | EFPIA – European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations | EFPIA various methodological documents | EFPIA Homepage
Competitive Strategy of European Life Sciences Clear Steps Toward a Greener Future – Pharmaceutical Sector’s Environmental Sustainability Statement |
| 5 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 6 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 & GRI 300 series: Environmental topics | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 7 | PSCI – Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Initiative | PSCI various methodological documents | PSCI
PSCI Principles for Responsible Supply Chain Management Decarbonization Playbook for the Pharmaceutical Industry Environmental Survey For Suppliers Webinar – Recording & Slides |
| 8 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals & SASB: Drug Retailers | SASB | Navigator |
| 9 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN guidance | Overview – Science Based Targets Network |
| 10 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals – TNFD |
| 11 | WHO – World Health Organization | WHO various methodological documents | World Health Organization (WHO)
TRS 1025 – 54th report of the WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations |
Supply Chain: Agri-food & Forest
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AFi – Accountability Framework initiative | The Accountability Framework Core Principles | Home – Accountability Framework |
| 2 | AWS – Alliance for Water Stewardship | The International Water Stewardship Standard (AWS Standard) | Alliance for Water Stewardship, International Water Stewardship Standard 2.0 |
| 3 | Boreal SFMI – Boreal Sustainable Forest Management Initiative | Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests | The Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators |
| 4 | CCFM SFMI – Canadian Council of Forest Ministers | The CCFM framework of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada | The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers’ framework of Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management in Canada |
| 5 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS E1-E5 and G1 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 6 | EUDR – European Union Deforestation Regulation | EU Deforestation Regulation | Regulation on Deforestation-free products – European Commission |
| 7 | Forest Europe SFMI – Forest Europe Sustainable Forest Management Initiative | Sustainable Forest Management Criteria & Indicators | Sustainable Forest Management – FOREST EUROPE |
| 8 | FSC – Forest Stewardship Council | FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship Standard | Forest Stewardship Council Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship Standard |
| 9 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 10 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 & GRI 300 series: Environmental topics | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 11 | IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards | IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information & IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures | IFRS – IFRS Sustainability Standards Navigator |
| 12 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB: Forestry Management & SASB: Agricultural Products | SASB | Navigator |
| 13 | SBTi – FLAG – Science Based Targets initiative – Forest, Land and Agriculture | Forest, land and agriculture Science Based Target-setting guidance | SBTi FLAG Guidance |
| 14 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN Corporate Manual | Overview – Science Based Targets Network |
| 15 | SFI – Sustainable Forestry Initiative | SFI Forest Management Standard | Sustainable Forestry Initiative: Forest Management Standard |
| 16 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Food and agriculture & TNFD Additional sector guidance: Forestry, pulp and paper | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Food and agriculture – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Forestry, pulp and paper – TNFD |
Water
| # | Framework name | Reference documents | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AWS – Alliance for Water Stewardship | The International Water Stewardship Standard (AWS Standard), 2.0 | Home | Alliance for Water Stewardship |
| 2 | CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project | CDP Water Security (2023), CDP Forests (2023) | Our Question Bank – CDP |
| 3 | CSRD ESRS – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive European Sustainability Reporting Standards | ESRS 1, ESRS 2, ESRS E1-E5 (2024 version) | ESRS Set 1 |
| 4 | GBF – United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework | GBF Targets 1-23 | 15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework |
| 5 | GHG-P LSRG – GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Guidance | GHG Protocol Land Sector and Removals Guidance | Land Sector and Removals Guidance | GHG Protocol |
| 6 | GRI – Global Reporting Initiative | GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 & GRI 300 series: Environmental topics | GRI – GRI Standards English Language |
| 7 | ICMM – International Council on Mining and Metals | Water Reporting. Good practice guide, 2nd Edition | ICMM |
| 8 | ISO 14046 – International Organization for Standardization – Standard 14046 | ISO 14046:2014 – Environmental management — Water footprint — Principles, requirements and guidelines. Edition 1, 2014 | ISO – Standards |
| 9 | PWI – Net Positive Water Impact | Implementing Net Positive Water Impact Technical Guidance, Sept 2024 | CEO Water Mandate | Sign the Commitment to Water Stewardship |
| 10 | SASB – Sustainability Accounting Standards Board | SASB various sector-specific guidance documents | SASB | Navigator |
| 11 | SBTN – Science Based Targets Network | SBTN Technical Guidance Step3, Measure, Set & Disclose, Freshwater | Science Based Targets Network |
| 12 | TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures | TNFD Recommendations & various Additional sector guidance documents | TNFD Recommendations
Additional sector guidance – Food and agriculture – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Engineering, construction and real estate – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Construction materials – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Electric utilities and power generators – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Oil and gas – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Forestry, pulp and paper – TNFD Additional sector guidance – Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals – TNFD |
| 13 | UN – CCD – United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification | The UNCCD 2018–2030 Strategic Framework | The UNCCD 2018–2030 Strategic Framework | UNCCD |
| 14 | UN – FCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | UN Framework Convention on Climate Change | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | UNFCCC |
| 15 | UNEP – LUFIH – United Nations Environment Programme – Land Use Finance Impact Hub | UNEP Land Use Finance Impact Hub | KPI List – Land Use Impact Hub |
| 16 | WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable Development | WBCSD Circular Transition Indicator V4.0 & WBCSD Regenerative Agriculture metrics | The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) |
| 17 | WFN – Water Footprint Network | The Water Footprint Assessment Manual, Setting the Gold Standard, 2011 | Water Footprint Network – Water Footprint Network |